Minimum wages in China continue to rise. Over the past couple of years, more than 20 provinces in China have raised their minimum wage standard, including Beijing, Guangdong, Hainan, Shanghai and Xinjiang.
So, what is the minimum wage in China in 2023? Currently, Shanghai has the highest monthly minimum wage among China’s 31 provinces (RMB 2,690/£303 per month) and Beijing has the highest hourly minimum wage (RMB 26.4/£2.97 per hour). Sixteen regions – Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Guangdong, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Shaanxi – have surpassed the RMB 2,000 (£225) mark in their monthly minimum wage standards. At the lowest end of the wage spectrum, Liaoning has the lowest monthly minimum wage level in China at RMB 1,420 (£160)
How does China determine minimum wages?
Minimum wage standards are determined by provincial governments, taking into consideration factors such as the minimum living costs of local employees and their dependents, the consumer price index of urban residents, social insurance premiums, and the local employment situation.
It should be noted that the minimum wage excludes things like overtime pay, allowances for night shifts or special working environments, and subsidies for meals, transportation and housing.
In most regions, China’s minimum wage standards do include the social insurance premiums and housing fund contributions paid by employees. In fact, it is possible for an employee’s take-home pay to be lower than the corresponding minimum wage standard. Only a few regions, such as Shanghai, clearly stipulate that their local minimum wage standards exclude social insurance premiums and housing fund contributions.
Local governments in China are generally required to update their minimum wages every few years but have the flexibility to adjust wages according to local conditions.
Most provinces set different classes of minimum wage levels for different areas depending on the given region’s level of development and cost of living. For example, a higher minimum wage class is established for the provincial capital and the most developed cities in the province, whereas smaller cities and rural areas fall under a lower wage class.
How do minimum wages impact labour costs in China?
As China’s economy moves up the value chain and makes the transition to innovation and services, most workers employed by foreign-invested enterprises already earn above the minimum wage. For example, workers in Shanghai made an average of RMB 10,338 (£1,164) per month through 2020 – nearly four times the local minimum wage.
Employer social insurance and housing fund obligations add around an additional 37% to employers’ labour costs on top of the employees’ gross salary.
For foreign investors, rising wages are an unavoidable feature of doing business in China. Yet when other factors like productivity, infrastructure, transportation costs and access to a massive domestic market are considered, China may still emerge as the more cost-efficient option compared to countries with lower statutory labour costs.
When comparing locations for foreign investment into China, minimum wages are a helpful barometer to gauge labour costs across different regions. From there, identifying industry-specific wage levels, availability of talent and access to regional incentives offer a more nuanced view of the labour costs within a given region.
For a full breakdown of minimum wages in China by province and city, see this article by China Briefing
A version of this article was first published by China Briefing, which is produced by Dezan Shira & Associates.
